After stroke patients frequently experience a spectrum of neuropsychological and motor deficits resulting in impaired activities; cognitive and functional. About 20%-25% of patients after stroke will develop cognitive impairment/dementia in the months following the event. It is still not clear who are those patients that are prone to post-stroke cognitive decline. Who are the vulnerable patients? The aim of the Tel-Aviv Brain Acute Stroke Cohort (TABASCO) is to characterize inflammatory, stress and neuroimaging biomarkers that may predict and detect the vulnerable subjects and might outline new concepts of early interventions and novel treatment strategies for those at higher risk. The TABASCO study and its findings will be discussed. Currently the pharmacological treatment of Post-Stroke cognitive impairment includes AchE-Is with only modest benefit. Another used treatment is CITICOLINE (cytidine 5 diphosphocholine - (CDP-Choline)). A meta-analysis of all the studies that was conducted in 2016 concluded that although citicoline appears to be safe and maybe beneficial, large clinical trials are needed to confirm its benefits. Cerebrolysin, a multimodal drug, that mimics neurotrophic factors and maintains, protects and restores neuronal function. A COCHRANE review was conducted on the studies of cerebrolysin 10-30 ml/day in vascular dementia (2013) concluded it is beneficial and safe. To conclude, the combination of behavioral and safe and effective pharmacological adjuvant therapies will significantly improve and promote brain recovery after stroke including cognitive impairment.